制作红酒/Process Flowchart OF Wine(ENGLISH VERSION)

制作红酒图

Process Flowchart

红酒简介(English Version)

Red Wine

What is Red Wine?

Red wine is simply wine produced from
red (or black) grapes. Most everyone
knows that. What you might not know
 is that almost all grapes have colorless
juice. The way that the red
 wine gets its color is by letting the skins
 soak in the juice until the red color bleeds 
out.

Not only does soaking the skins give red
 wine its color, it also imparts a substance
 known as tannin. Tannin is what gives
 red wines a complexity that is beyond that
 of most white wines.

Tannin has a mouth drying quality that
causes the wine to feel firm in your mouth.
 When a red wine is young, this firmness can
 be quite intense.

Over time, the qualities of the tannin will
mellow and blend harmoniously with the
other characteristics of the wine.
 This is one of the main reasons that red
wines usually age better than whites.

Major Red Wine (Grape) Varieties

Cabernet Sauvignon -
Thick skinned grape with lots of tannin.
 They have a blackcurrant flavor and smell
similar to pencil shavings.

Merlot - Usually higher in alcohol 
and will taste of black cherries and
sometimes mint.

Nebbiolo - High in tannin and acid
 and need aging to mellow. They are
mainly grown in the Piedmont region
 of Italy.

Pinot Noir - The most finicky of grapes
producing the widest range of quality.
 The best are hauntingly silky, with aromas
 of truffles and decaying leaves.

Syrah/Shiraz - Rich and spicy wine
 with lots of tannin and the sweetness
of blackberries.

Tempranillo - Spain's big red, with
moderate alcohol and tastes of strawberries
 and plums.

Zinfandel - Ranging from light and fruity
 to big and spicy depending on the quality.
The best examples
 are from California. 

Other Red Wine (Grape) Varieties

Barbera - Low tannin with high acidity.
 Creates a fruity and refreshing wine.

Carmenere - Produces a rich and spicy
 wine and is popular in Chile.

Gamay - Gained favor in the Beaujolais
district of France. They actually taste
 of grapes and are low in tannin.

Grenache/Garnacha - High in alcohol 
and is usually sweet andpeppery.

Malbec - A smooth and plummy variety
from Argentina.

Sangiovese - Main grape in Chianti.
This wine has medium acidity and tannin.

Touriga Nacional - An aromatic grape
 commonly used for making Port.

European Red Wines

The Europeans label their wines by
the region in which the grapes are grown,
 not the grape variety like in the U.S.
 Many times they are blends of multiple
 grape varieties.

Here is a chart of some of Europe's red wines:

Region	Country	Grape Varieties
Bardolino	Italy	Corvina, Molinara, Rondinella
Barolo	Italy	Nebbiolo
Beaujolais	France	Gamay
Bordeaux	France	Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, etc.
Burgundy	France	Pinot Noir
Châteaunuf-du-Pape	France	Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, etc.
Chianti	Italy	Sangiovese, Canaiolo, etc.
Côtes du Rhône	France	Grenache, Mourvèdre, Carignan, etc.
Port	Portugal	Tinta Borroca, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cão, Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, etc.
Rioja	Spain	Tempranillo, Grenache, etc.
Valpolicella	Italy	Corvina, Molinara, Rondinella

Enjoying Red Wine

Red wine is usually intended to be consumed
 with a meal instead of on its own. The bold
flavors and characteristics (compared to most
 whites), will stand up to and sometimes complement
 flavorful foods. But I often enjoy a good red
wine all by itself.

Red wine will really shine when it is served
 at the proper temperature. If the temperature
 is too cold, the subtle flavors and textures will
be lost. If the temperature is too warm, the
wine will taste somewhat flat and totally
non-refreshing.

Most people know to drink red wine at room
temperature, but that is not really true.
Unless of course, you keep the temperature in
 your house similar to that of an old English castle.
Most reds taste best between 62°F to 65°F
 (16°C to 18°C).
For more specific guidelines, see chart below.

Sample Red Wines	Temperatures
Beaujolais, Nebbiolo, Port, light and fruity reds	54°F - 59°F (12°C - 15°C)
Simple Pinot Noirs, light Rioja, Argentine Tempranillo	59°F - 63°F (15°C - 17°C)
Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux, Shiraz, big Zinfandel	63°F - 68°F (17°C - 20°C)

Yes, I know, you're not going to get
 a thermometer and take the temperature
of the wine every time you are going to
drink it. What I would recommend is to
actually drink wines at all three of the above
temperatures until you get a feel for them
 without a thermometer.

With practice, you will have a good idea 

of the approximate temperature.

 

General Temperature Guidelines

1.Simple, fruity red wines should be

consumed at the lest temperature of

the other reds.

2.Complex, heavier wines should be
consumed at the warmest temperature
(but still cool) of the other reds.

3.More expensive, higher quality wines
should generally be served at the
warmer temperatures.

4.Less expensive wines generally need
 to be served at lower temperatures.

The important thing to know is that a 
red wine needs to be warm enough to
experience all of the flavors, but cool
enough to be refreshing. Never drink a red

wine above 68°F (20°C) if you can help it.

The glass of a red wine should feel slightly
 cool in your hands.

Tip - It takes about 3 hours to chill a bottle 
of wine down to the temperature of the
refrigerator. Before drinking, take the room
 temperature wine and let it sit in the refrigerator
from 15 to 40 minutes (depending on the type).

Tip - It's always better to serve a red wine 
at a temperature that is too cool than too warm.
You or your guests can always just warm the
wine with your hands or simply wait a couple of
 minutes before drinking.

** copy from webpage**

喝酒痞子之女人（一）

想起陪外子应酬的那段高峰期，无论在人多的卡拉酒吧，在夜总会，
秀场的酒廊，除了见到不同型色的娱乐层次，其实真正也见识到很
多行行色色的人。



犹记得跟外子去中国的那段日子，由苏州，常州，杭州，贵州，温
州，广州，顺德等等地方。每一次的晚上，客户或商家都总是有这
个兴致带我们去娱场唱歌。每晚都喝得醉熏熏回酒店，第二天还要
起身公干的滋味是不好受的。身体也特累特残的。

去这些娱乐场所，就让我大叹望而不及的是在这做女招待的数量，
除了多的不计胜数之外，还为了抢到客人，她们会使出混身媚术对
待连同一起随行来公干的友人，连我大大正宫坐在此，她们也敢挨
身接近外子，对此应对法，最重要是我的态度保持坐怀不乱，只有
笑脸旁观的，也切勿被这样的猖狂举止场面激怒，否则只会带给所
有人扫兴和砸坏我的形象。

其实在刚开始去应酬的时候，我还是不习惯，每一次都告诉自己必
须要压抑不满的情绪，公私要分明，刚开始还试过去了厕所抹了抹
眼泪，接着再补化出去。现在的我都已经有足够的阿Q精神去应对了。

所以换来的结果是外子常对人说，我的太太很看的开的，所以就够
格当上行影不离的跟得夫人咯。

现在的社会很开放，以前到夜店工作者，占大多数是时势逼人，但
现今还会见到过有家境不错的女孩甘愿上夜店工作以寻找刺激和新
鲜感。

我是女人，本是这地方不欢迎的人物，但随外子外交多了，熟悉了
这些圈子，久了，我相当清楚，通常在我的和色面孔和视若无物的
情况下，久了，女公关和倒酒的侍应也会自动愿意跟你共处，对你
松懈防意，让你听听她的苦水。酒醇耳背细语后，都会打听到每个
人的背后幸酸和坎坷的命运，其实大都是雷有相同之处，有些早婚
生子，离婚，丈夫欠债，夸张的有丈夫载着她们来上班，也有其中
的不忧钱者如丈夫在外国打工赚钱，为了不想每夜独守空房，就宁
找在夜店工作倒酒，其实是找人聊天以解寞愁。

“女人何苦为难女人”这首歌唱得不错，但是欢场中的看来好像很
吃的开女人可是很多女人为难女人的事，抢客争酒贴绝不会在男人
前面出现的情形，但多会向同是“女”的我前面埋怨和咒骂。。。
都是我司空见惯的事。

其实她们的话听过就算吧，人说酒后吐真活，我却认为人心隔肚皮，
在这些地方打滚的人很多话总有三分真，七分假，很多男酒客会被
这些话和她们的际遇而同情，冲动去犯错！所以听时，我总一笑置
之，因为谁会替你在乎这些事情，反正我是客人，我只是来消遣的，
大家的身份不同，只是萍水相逢。